- Industry: Telecommunications
- Number of terms: 29235
- Number of blossaries: 0
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ATIS is the leading technical planning and standards development organization committed to the rapid development of global, market-driven standards for the information, entertainment and communications industry.
The interconnection of any combination of links and trunks, on a tandem basis, by means of switching equipment to facilitate information interchange.
Industry:Telecommunications
The interchanging of the frequencies of carrier channels to accomplish specific purposes, such as to prevent feedback and oscillation, to reduce crosstalk, and to correct for a high frequency-response slope in the transmission line. Note: Frequency frogging is accomplished by having modulators, which are integrated into specially designed repeaters, translate a low-frequency group to a high-frequency group, and vice versa. A channel will appear in the low group for one repeater section and will then be translated to the high group for the next section because of frequency frogging. This results in nearly constant attenuation with frequency over two successive repeater sections, and eliminates the need for large slope equalization and adjustments. Singing and crosstalk are minimized because the high-level output of a repeater is at a different frequency than the low-level input to other repeaters. 2. In microwave systems, the alternate use of two frequencies at repeater sites to prevent feedback and oscillation.
Industry:Telecommunications
The intentional passage, through a building wall or partition, or an equipment enclosure or chassis, of a signal-bearing communications medium, e.g., a cable, metallic or optical. 2. Unintended access to the information within a communications or information-processing device via a metallic path intended for another purpose, e.g., via the primary power connection. 3. The unauthorized act of bypassing the security mechanisms of a system. 4. The passage of an rf signal through a physical barrier, such as a partition, a wall, a building, or earth. 5. Unauthorized access to a data processing system.
Industry:Telecommunications
The intentional insertion of electromagnetic energy into transmission paths in any manner, with the objective of deceiving operators or of causing confusion.
Industry:Telecommunications
The integral, over all frequencies, of the absolute value of the closed-loop transfer function of a phase-locked loop. Note: The closed-loop noise bandwidth, when multiplied by the noise spectral density, gives the output noise power in a phase-locked loop.
Industry:Telecommunications
The insertion of noninformation bits into data. Note 1: Stuffed bits should not be confused with overhead bits. Note 2: In data transmission, bit stuffing is used for various purposes, such as for synchronizing bit streams that do not necessarily have the same or rationally related bit rates, or to fill buffers or frames. The location of the stuffing bits is communicated to the receiving end of the data link, where these extra bits are removed to return the bit streams to their original bit rates or form. Bit stuffing may be used to synchronize several channels before multiplexing or to rate-match two single channels to each other. Synonym positive justification.
Industry:Telecommunications
The generic designator for any of several digitally multiplexed telecommunications carrier systems. Note 1: The designators for T-carrier in the North American digital hierarchy correspond to the designators for the digital signal (DS) level hierarchy. See the associated table below. Note 2: T-carrier systems were originally designed to transmit digitized voice signals. Current applications also include digital data transmission. Note 3: If an "F" precedes the "T", a fiber optic cable system is indicated at the same rates. Note 4: The table below lists the designators and rates for current T-Carrier systems. Note 5: The North American and Japanese hierarchies are based on multiplexing 24 voice-frequency channels and multiples thereof, whereas the European hierarchy is based on multiplexing 30 voice-frequency channels and multiples thereof. See table below. T-Carrier Systems North American Japanese European (CEPT) Level zero (Channel data rate) 64 kb/s (DS0) 64 kb/s 64 kb/s First level 1. 544 Mb/s (DS1) (24 user channels) 1. 544Mb/s (24 user channels) 2. 048 Mb/s (30 user channels) (Intermediate level, North American Hierarchy only) 3. 152 Mb/s (DS1C) (48 Ch. ) - - Second level 6. 312 Mb/s (DS2) (96 Ch. ) 6. 312 Mb/s (96 Ch. ,) or 7. 786 Mb/s (120 Ch. ) 8. 448 Mb/s (120 Ch. ) Third level 44. 736 Mb/s (DS3) (672 Ch. ) 32. 064 Mb/s (480 Ch. ) 34. 368 Mb/s (480 Ch. ) Fourth level 274. 176 Mb/s (DS4) (4032 Ch. ) 97. 728 Mb/s (1440 Ch. ) 139. 268 Mb/s (1920 Ch. ) Fifth level 400. 352 Mb/s (5760 Ch. ) 565. 148 Mb/s (7680 Ch. ) 565. 148 Mb/s (7680 Ch. ) Note 1: The DS designations are used in connection with the North American hierarchy only. Note 2: There are other data rates in use, e.g., military systems that operate at six and eight times the DS1 rate. At least one manufacturer has a commercial system that operates at 90 Mb/s, twice the DS3 rate. New systems, which take advantage of the high data rates offered by optical communications links, are also deployed or are under development.
Industry:Telecommunications
The insertion of impedance into a circuit to change the characteristics of the circuit. 2. In multichannel communications systems, the insertion of white noise or equivalent dummy traffic at a specified level to simulate system traffic and thus enable analysis of system performance. 3. In telephone systems, the load, i.e., power level, imposed by the busy hour traffic. Note 1: The loading may be expressed as (a) the equivalent mean power and the peak power as a function of the number of voice channels or (b) the equivalent power of a multichannel complex or signal composite referred to zero transmission level point (0TLP. ) Note 2: Loading is a function of the number of channels and the specified voice channel mean power.
Industry:Telecommunications
The input trunk channel multiplication ratio that is achieved through DSI. The interpolation gain is the ratio of the number of input transmission trunks to the number of DCME bearer channels where the same signal encoding rate is used for both trunk and bearer channels.
Industry:Telecommunications
The initial destination of a call from a pivot node. Note: A service or network capability provided at the release node, after determining the call should be connected to a destination node other than itself, may invoke RTP (registration request protocol) to have the new connection established from a pivot node earlier in the call path. After releasing the call to a pivot node, the release node no longer participates in the call. The release node must be a SS7 Signaling Point.
Industry:Telecommunications
